The origins of several types of barley are in the East Asia, West China, and Tibet to northeastern India.

Dr Reza Mirdarikvand, stated: “Barley is one of the oldest crops grown by a human being and has always been seen with wheat in parts of the Near East where archaeological excavations have taken place.

He continued, “The origins of barley have been in East Asia, West China, and Tibet to northeastern India.”

“Other areas thought to be have originated barley are Central Asia —mainly the Caucasus, Syria, and their neighboring areas,” said Mirdarikvand.

In this area, the ancestors of the barley are found in two rows, which have originated from hordeum spontaneum, he said.

He recalled: The plant’s photo-types are genetic and environmental factors. Selection and modification of herbal varieties for the traits have always been problematic. For a long time, crop experts have sought genetic markers that are consistent with the traits they are intended to serve as an indirect measure in selecting varieties.

A reference to plant breeding is useful that is closely linked to the genes desired, its heritability is high and easy to measure, Mirdarikvand said.